初论上海港址的选择

本文通过对经济、社会、自然租技术诸方面的系统分析,全面论述了上海港新港址的选择.认为上海港新港址不宜高度集中于一处,而应在沿河和滨海分期分批建设新港区.     

孤立波作用下细长港响应的数值研究

采用Boussinesq数值波浪模型,模拟了不同波高的孤立波分别对常水深和变水深细长港作用时港内的响应.对数值模型的结果进行小波分析和频谱分析并与现有的理论值比较.结果表明,孤立波传入一侧为开敞水域的细长港时,港内激发振荡的能量主要集中在细长港前三个自振模态上,港口的响应频率与理论固有频率非常接近,这为估算细长港池的固有频率提供了一种可行性方法.     

A METHOD FOR PREDICTING HARBOR SEAL (PHOCA VITULINA) HAULOUT AND MONITORING LONG‐TERM POPULATION TRENDS WITHOUT TELEMETRY

Monitoring population trends in harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) generally involves two steps: (i) a census obtained from aerial surveys of haul‐out sites, and (ii) an upward correction based on the proportion of seals hauled out as estimated from a sample of telemetry‐tagged seals. Here we present a mathematical method for obtaining site‐specific correction factors without telemetry. The method also determines site‐specific environmental factors associated with haulout and provides algebraic equations that predict diurnal haul‐out numbers and correction factors as functions of these variables. We applied the method at a haul‐out site on Protection Island, Washington, USA. The haul‐out model and correction factor model were functions of tide height, current velocity, and time of day, and the haul‐out model explained 46% of the observed variability in diurnal haul‐out dynamics. Although the particular models are site‐specific, the general model and methods are portable. A suite of such models for haul‐out sites of a regional stock would allow managers to monitor long‐term population trends without telemetry.     

单向航道散货港口船舶调度优化

为提高单向航道散货港口的泊位利用率,研究多港池的散货港口船舶调度优化问题。考虑船舶间需保持安全航行距离、进出港时段交替条件和成簇进出港规则等现实约束,以进港船舶总等待时间最小为目标,构建了混合整数线性规划模型。基于问题的特点,设计了启发式规则与模拟退火算法相结合的混合算法进行求解。在数值实验中分别将该算法的结果同下界值和两种现实调度方案对比。结果表明,运用混合算法求解的结果与下界值的平均相对偏差为5.28%,较两种现实调度方案的目标值优化率提升显著,且平均泊位优化率分别为6.74%和4.71%,验证了方案及算法的有效性。     

Jam Formation of Traffic Flow in Harbor Tunnel

This paper reports a study concerning occurrence and growth of traffic jam in a harbor tunnel. The single-lane with three sections (downgrade, flat, and upgrade) is taken into account and they are characterized with different velocity limit. At the low density, the traffic current increases linearly with density and
saturates at some values of immediately density. As the density increases, the traffic jam appears firstly before the upgrade section and then extends to the downgrade section. Additionally, the relationships of the velocity and headway against position in different densities are obtained from simulation. These results clearly clarify where and when the traffic jam appears. Finally, the critical densities are derived via the theoretical analysis before
and after the discontinuous fronts and the theoretical results are consistent with the critical values of simulation results.     

正六边形及其扩展形状港湾内的水波共振

港口的几何形状是影响港湾共振的重要因素。本文从理论上推导了正六边形封闭港湾内各共振参数的解析表达式,并采用Boussinesq模型模拟了正六边形及其扩展形状港湾内的水波共振现象,验证了提出的理论,并进一步研究了各共振模态的空间能量分布特征。结果表明,变正六边形的一边为曲线后,港内水波能量分布更加集中于有限的共振模态上,不利于改善其内水波共振。     

孤立波激发港口振荡的数值研究

采用Boussinesq数值波浪模型模拟了在孤立波作用下复杂形状港内水体的响应。孤立波在进入港口后会引起港内水体的振荡并被反射,港内波面扰动是一个随时间变化的瞬变波动过程。通过基于连续小波变换的时频分析结果并与现有的理论值进行比较发现,孤立波引起的振荡其主要能量主要集中在港池第一振荡模态上,这为估计复杂形状港口的自振频率提供了一个可行的方法。     

矩形及其扩展形状港湾内的水波共振

从理论上给出了矩形封闭港湾的特征参数表达式,并采用Boussinesq模型模拟比较了矩形及其扩展形状港湾内的水波共振现象,研究了边界对港湾共振的影响。通过定义无量纲参数熵定量比较了不同港湾内各模态能量分布的集散度。结果表明,矩形港湾短边界曲率的微小增加,可以使得港内能量分布到更多的模态,有利于改善其内的水波共振。     

舟山深水港域开发建设的自然地质环境

本文从水深、水文、岸线、地貌及工程地质条件等诸方面阐述了中国舟山海域的自然地质环境, 说明了该港域具有建设大型深水港址的优越条件, 其开发建设将对中国东中部的经济发展具有重大意义。